Lily flax, a botanically known as Dianella, is a flax-like plant with leaves that look like Phormium. Botanic Name Linum perenne L. (an introduced species . Swelling may occur in the oral cavity, pharynx and tongue. The cat should be monitored for the development of pancreatitis as well. On the other hand, if youre using them for borders, pack them in tighter. Any cat with an exposure to any part of a true lily should be on IV fluid diuresis for 48 hours to prevent acute kidney injury. [16], Reports of the edibility of the fruit range from very poisonous[17][18] to sweet and nutty (such as D. caerulea),[19] and the beach flax lily (D. congesta) is reportedly the best-tasting. Eating any part of the plant can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Several species have ornamental berries as well. They grow quickly, reaching heights of 2-3 feet, and prefer moist, well-drained soil. Although an infestation is not usually fatal to the plant the damage is unsightly. The Blue Flax Lily is also a great choice for cut flower arrangements, as its deep blue color will add a bold pop of color to any bouquet. The berries of the plant turn royal blue in the summer. When planting, remember this plant does not tolerate standing water and likes well-drained soil. Edible Uses: Fruit raw or cooked. Lilies arent just dangerous to catsthey pose a risk to dogs, too. If you notice any of these symptoms, you should consult a veterinarian as soon as possible. Daylily flowers will often appear similar toLiliumsp. Dianella is a plant that grows in Africa, southwestern Asia, the Pacific Islands, New Zealand, and Australia naturally. They can also be dried and used as a spice. The roots should be cut back to about 10 cm by removing any side shoots. Consider the gifts as an opportunity to be nice to nature. If youre looking for a low-maintenance plant that will add some color to your porch or patio, consider the flax lily. Pruning will stimulate tender new growth, which will quickly become damaged as early as frost. The toxin is extremely potent, and all plant parts are toxic. Typification of, Dion S. Devey, Ilia Leitch, Paula J. Rudall, J. Chris Pires, Yohan Pillon, and Mark W. Chase. When it comes to the toxicity of plants, knowing which species is hazardous is important. This exotic perennial evergreen is also known as flax lily, umbrella dracaena, Benjuang, and sagatit, and is native to Australia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. A hard pruned plant involves cutting back all of its stems to within a few inches of the grounds surface. The leaf colors in spring green and blue green are measured in inches. Planting Instructions. How Far Apart Do You Plant Flax Lily? Berries sweet and juicy (slightly gritty). Because the seeds contain cyanide, it is critical that they be cooked before eating to avoid potential health risks. Monocotyledons, in general, have stalks that are only a single seed and are classified as flowering plants. To comprehend the edible properties of each, it is critical to distinguish between them. Ozbreed is an environmental green life company that was established in 2002, specialising in breeding landscape gardening plants. Make . Gardeners favor the flax lily because it offers many different options of foliage textures and colors. With at least 15 varieties of Dianella, gardeners have plenty of choice. If the lily was discovered at the depth where it came from, you could return it to the pond. Because this plant is moderately drought-tolerant, watering with a few days between waterings for the soil to dry out a little is ideal. Flax lily grows in clumps, and reaches a mature height and spread of between 1 and 3 feet. The small (1-1.6cm diameter) flowers bloom in spring and summer (August to January); the perianth is pale to a dark blue, or green-blue, and the anthers at the centre are yellowy brown. Many varieties are native to Australia and their attractive blue green leaves and deep blue to purple coloured berries make them firm favourites with home gardeners and landscaping professionals alike. The plant has been ornamental in our grandmothers garden and should be among our possessions. Just about every variety will grow in shade but will often have a looser habit and more muted colors. Check out the wonderful leaf colours on the tasmanica varieties: The Dianella Revoluta (blue flax-lily or blueberry lily) is widely distributed throughout the country. Dianella tasmanica is native to wet forests throughout Victoria and New South Wales. Each side shot can be trimmed and placed in its own 10lt basket.
Blueberry Lily (aka. They grow on a single stalk and appear in early spring. Dianella is a popular genus for modern domestic gardens. . Homeowners should be aware of the aggressive alien invasive cerulean flax lily, Dianella ensifolia. The flax lily is a member of the lily family and grows both physically and culturally, and it spreads by rhizomes in full sun along the coast. Chances are, you'll have seen this plant, or ones just like it, growing throughout temperate and sub-tropical suburbia. It is critical to be aware and cautious of the benefits of flax for a healthy lifestyle. These characteristics also make them ideal for use in commercial situations such as beautifying car parks. Native blue flax is an attractive and versatile wildflower native to the United States. They are native to Australia and New Zealand. The dianella is built from rhizomes, which are bulbous roots that grow underground (similar to the roots of the tulips). For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Water before planting. Flax lily is that it is a tender plant, suited to zones 9 to 11. While flax lilies are very tolerant of drought, for best results place in an area with even moisture. While flax lilies are drought tolerant, they should ideally be grown in areas with plenty of moisture. Dianella is the . Ozbreed stock a range of caerulea varieties including: Breeze is fast growing. Lewis flax is also nutritious, with the exception of the fact that it is not poisonous if cooked. Within 90 days, it will reach a mature height of 18 to 24 inches and a spread of 3 feet. https://www.facebook.com/SpiritAustraliaCruises/videos/blueberry-lily/288584905433556/. As a result, its important to remember that flax plants can absorb a lot of liquid, so eating them without consuming enough water can obstruct your bowel movements. can produce severe toxicosis and AKI. Spider plants are distinguished from airplane plants due to their uprightness. Field Notes: Dianella caerulea is a strappy herbaceous fruit bearing plant to about 1 metre (3 ft) high, with a thick spreading rhizome under the ground. They really need good drainage and in most parts of the country will survive on natural rainfall alone. Native Americans have used the blue flax plant in a variety of ways over the centuries. It has been used for centuries as a medicinal herb and as a source of food. Throughout history, flax has been a valuable resource, used as a supplement as well as a natural medicine. The blue flax lily is a unique and attractive plant that is found in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Dianella is a genus of about forty species of flowering plants in the monocot family Asphodelaceae and are commonly known as flax lilies. There may be vomiting, arrhythmias, decreased CO, weak pulse, hyperkalemia and possibly death. Spider plants, on the other hand, are typically shorter, with leaves that max out at around six inches. This plant is used as an outdoor plant for all tender perennial garden plants. At maturity, a ruffled flaxseed Lily will grow to be approximately 24 inches tall, with a spread of 24 inches. Because of its edible seeds, which have a nutty flavor and a high oil content, Blue Flax is a valuable resource. While it only takes a small exposure to potentially cause acute kidney injury, if the exposure is caught quickly, steps can be taken to ward off life-threatening problems. The entire lily plant, from the stem to the leaves, flowers to pollen to the water, is toxic. Dianella cultivars come in a variety of colors, each with its own distinct characteristics. Dianella grass plants or flax lilies are a large family of strappy leaved plants found throughout the Asia Pacific region. In well-drained soil bear's breeches can spread to become a large colony, but it is not invasive. Blue Flax Lily is a beautiful flowering plant that is commonly found in Australian gardens, but unfortunately, it is also poisonous. Dianella longifolia (Pale Lily Flax) is an excellent addition to fruit salad or as a flower bed filler. For one, flax lilies tend to be taller, with leaves that can grow up to a foot in length. Toast whole seed in a spice grinder for 5-7 minutes to bring out their nutty flavor. The berries that follow the flowers are poisonous to humans, but are eaten by birds. Unfortunately, most pesticides are not very effective in dealing with gall midge larvae infestations. Like other cyanogenic plants the glycoside is found in all parts of the plant. Most dianellas dont cope very well with wet feet so plant them in elevated areas with good soil drainage. It has long, slender leaves that are green in color. This toxin causes the heart to beat abnormally, resulting in a life-threatening condition known as ventricular arrhythmia. The Dianella Caerulea (Paroo lily) is found throughout Tasmania, Victoria, NSW, and Queensland. Still Delicious After All These Years: Smart Balance Flax Seed Spread Is Still Available! Most commonly, when we think of lilies, we think about nephrotoxicity in cats and that certainly is a primary concern. treatment hotline: How to Spot Which Lilies Are Dangerous to Cats & Plan Treatment, 2021 American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Call our 24-hour veterinary diagnostic and These are followed by small roughly spherical indigo-coloured berries which range from about 0.7 to 1.2cm (0.3-0.5in) in diameter. If you carefully uncover the rhizomes you can separate these colonies to form new plants. It has been used medically and practically in many cultures for thousands of years, making it an important part of their histories. Pruning every two to three years will encourage a tidier fuller form. For more information on growing flax lily in your garden, contact your county Extension office. http://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/interns-2009/dianella-tasmanica.html, http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Dianella~tasmanica, http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/plant_info/aboriginal_bush_foods, http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/education/programs/Aboriginal-plantuse.pdf. Flax Lily (Lilium altissimum) grows quickly in zones 3-7 and produces a bright, all-season color in loose sprays of starry-purple flowers and black berries with little to no water. If youre looking for Blue Lily facts, consider allergy information. Lily-of-the-valley contains toxins that cause the heart to beat abnormally. Reported symptoms include difficulty breathing, hiccups and dizziness. This plant also has the common name Flax Lily and Blue Berry Flax Lily. More then one spray will be required. It adapts readily to cultivation. Larger purple or deep-blue blooms are born on long, wiry stems in airy clusters of these varieties. Clay soil clings to water, so you won't need to water your plant as often. Blue Flax Lily is a beautiful flowering plant that is commonly found in Australian gardens, but unfortunately, it is also poisonous. Lily of the Valley: This plant contains cardio glycosides, which are gastrointestinal irritants. Water can be released into the landscape if it is available. Peace Lilies contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. It is a perennial plant that can tolerate cold temperatures and frost. The variegated flax lily (Dianella variegata) is a native of Australia and New Zealand. It is also a natural dye in addition to its striking green leaves. This color is a great choice for the summer months. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Remove infected leaves immediately and dispose of them carefully. Although eating a few blueberries can be beneficial, it is best to be cautious of the health risks associated with their consumption in small amounts and consult a medical professional if any symptoms of poisoning are discovered. Note: A related plant, the cerulean flax lily (Dianella ensifolia) is considered invasive and is not recommended for use by the UF/IFAS Assessment of Non-native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. Dianella is a pretty tough hardy plant that will thrive despite drought, heat, and shade but there are a few issues you should be on the lookout for. The ancient Native Americans used Blue Flax (Linum lewisii) as a plant for hundreds of years.
If it is intact, there is a good chance that the cats renal function can be saved, but it will require hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis until the kidney has had a chance to regenerate. Please keep in mind that the plant, Dianella tasmanica, resembles a toxic plant. The berries are bright blue and look stunning when found in clusters hanging above the eye-catching foliage. Trimming is not necessary because it is not required for the leaves to be clean of fallen foliage, or for the stems to be cut back on an occasional basis. While these lilies are not renally toxic, severe clinical signs may stillbe seen. Many pet owners are unaware that flax, a popular human food, can be harmful to pets. Blue flax is high in dietary fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, and minerals such as magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc, making it a nutritious addition to your daily diet. Members of theLiliumsp. Diniellas are native to southern Africa and subtropical Asia in the Philippines and Indonesia. [1] Description [ edit] Mealybugs and scale can also be an occasional concern for flax lily. In addition to its health benefits, blue flax lilies are used to supplement the diet. ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Phone Number: (888) 426-4435. Powered by WordPress. Consortium of California Herbaria - https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/about.html
When providing New Zealand flax (phormium) to a gardener, it is never a good idea to cut the leaves off if they are battered or brown. Difficult breathing, hiccups, and dizziness are all reported to occur. Flax lilies are popular landscaping plants due to their low maintenance requirements and their tolerance of a wide range of growing conditions. Flax lily is a common name for two plant species in the genus Dianella. How To Roast Flax Seeds To Unlock Nutritional Benefits And Enjoy Nutty Flavor. Lilies pose a threat not only to cats, but also to dogs. [2] Plants in this genus are tufted herbs with more or less linear leaves and bisexual flowers with three sepals more or less similar to three petals and a superior ovary, the fruit a berry. Here is a Dianella in the snow. Do not plant in an area that stays wet after a hard rain.these plants hate that. These perennial herbs will also cope with mild frosts, salt laden air, and a range of soil types. Exploring The Potential Risks And Benefits, Feed Your Chickens Flax Seeds For Optimal Nutrition: Exploring The Right Frequency And Variety For Your Flock, Uncovering The Health Benefits Of Flax Milk: A Dairy-Free Alternative, Unlock The Nutritional Potential Of Flax Seeds: The Benefits Of Grinding Them, Discovering The Health Benefits Of Flax Meal: A High-Fiber Superfood, The Health Risks Of Drinking Too Much Flax Milk, Grow Flax In Meadows Valheim: A Step-by-Step Guide To A Successful Flax Harvest. Unlike other Dianellas, this variety's fruit is toxic. Generally Is flax lily native to Australia? Dianellas height ranges between 1 and 3 feet as it grows older. The Dianella Tasmanica (Tasman flax lily) grows naturally in the forests of Tasmania, Victoria and the NSW coast. Dianella is especially dangerous because of the toxic sap it contains, which can cause severe skin irritation and breathing problems. Well also provide some tips for how to incorporate it into your diet. After youve given the rhizome a fresh burial, fill it with fresh soil. Flax lily plants are evergreen perennials that grow in a clumping form. Blue flax is an excellent choice for planting as a native wildflower in your garden. The flowers are blue and borne in clusters. Grass like leaves can grow up to 1.5 metres tall with fine serrated margins. Is Flax Lily invasive? The California Poison Control System identifies the following as skin-irritating lilies: Crinum lily (Crinum spp. The Blueberry Flax Lily is a low vertical-growing perennial ground cover that is native to Australia and can be found in warm climates across the United States, particularly in coastal areas. How Do You Take Care Of A SunSparkler Sedum? It also loves plenty of fertilizer, so be generous. SEINet - http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/index.php
If your pet consumes flax, it is best to consult a veterinarian as soon as possible. Wild Blue Flax is an elegant, semi-evergreen grass with a fragrant purple flower and nutritious seeds that will grow to be a long-lasting grass. Flax lilies are popular landscaping plants due to their low maintenance requirements and their tolerance of a wide range of growing conditions. Dianellas and flaxseed lilies are typically used as companions. People frequently refer to Dianella and Lily as the same thing, making it difficult to determine their differences. Individual blooms can be as small as 1/2 inch to 3/4 inch across, but the blooms can be large enough to draw attention. Great addition to fruit salad. Learn about the ASPCAs most recent program providing access to veterinary care in Brooklyn. If your pet or child chews on this plant, get them medical attention right away. If a dog . Dianella is a popular genus for modern domestic gardens. Seeds can also be ground into a powder and added to soups, salads, and smoothies. Here is how you can spot renal toxic lilies and what signs to watch for. Cats can become ill after eating blue flax, including vomiting, disorientation, and even seizures. The seeds have a nutty flavor and a high oil content, and they can impart flavor to other foods as well. They occur in Africa, South-east Asia, the Pacific Islands, New Zealand and Australia. SKIN IRRITATION MINOR, OR LASTING ONLY FOR A FEW MINUTES. Overall, plant growth is much slower when planted in full shade. It is a herbaceous perennial that grows to about 1 meter in height. If it is grown as a perennial, it will need to be cut back in the spring. As a result, it is critical that you understand the risks of different plants and take the necessary precautions to avoid potential harm. If your pet or child chews on this plant, you should call an ambulance right away. It is recommended that new planting be watered on a daily basis for a couple of weeks. Dianella caerulea, commonly known as the blue flax-lily, blueberry lily,[2] or paroo lily,[3] is a perennial herb of the family Asphodelaceae, subfamily Hemerocallidoideae, found across the eastern states of Australia and Tasmania. The majority of the flax grown in North America and Canada is used in the food industry. Because of its ease of spreading and naturalizing in dry and sunny soils, it is a great choice for filling in wildflowers on hills or in valleys. For years, veterinarians have wondered what made grapes toxic to petswe think we have the answer. There is a dianella cultivar to suit almost any garden situation. Nor does Colorado State University warrant that the use of this information is free of any claims of copyright infringement. Flax-lilies are hardy long-lived, tufted perennial herbs with creeping underground stems (rhizomes) and fibrous or tuberous roots. Within 90 days of planting, this fast-growing, mature plant reaches a height of 18 to 24 inches, and it spreads to a height of 3 feet. It is a shrub with anedge-like appearance that is native to North America. Propagation methods include collecting ripe seeds and then planting them on their own, as well as collecting rhizomes. Roots The length of rhizomes are pounded and roasted. It is always preferable to grow your own vegetables and flowers in an always green garden. As the weather warms up, the leaves on the base of the plant will re-sprout; all you have to do is cut them off. A pair of pruning shears can be used to cut flax lilies back by measuring about six inches up from the ground and cutting through several of the leaves. Consumed in large quantities can cause skin irritation and toxic effects. Flowers are occasionally followed by bright blue berries about the size of an olive. They will spread naturally to colonise other areas or you can quite safely divide the rhizomes to produce new plants. Dianella tasmanica, also known as Tasman flax lily or simply flax lily, is a sedge-like, rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial native to Tasmania and southeastern Australia. In fact, all parts of the plant are toxic and there are documented cases where exposure to the pollen alone has caused AKI. This is a variegated variety of Dianella tasmanica. You can keep your lawn looking beautiful by growing fluffy lilies as a perennial. Blue flax plant oil, which is derived from the blue flax plant, can also cause skin irritation in cats. If the planned planting area is naturally too damp you might be able to get around it by mounding up the soil and adding some coarser material to increase drainage. The species is described as having seven varieties, having been revised by Queensland botanist Rod Henderson in 1987 for the Flora of Australia: Dianella caerulea is a strappy herbaceous fruit bearing plant to about 1 metre (3ft) high, with a thick spreading rhizome under the ground. The most common cause of death from flax poisoning is natural causes, which is extremely fortunate. The main requirement for happy dianella plants is adequate drainage.
The plant, which has a bright yellow flower, clumps and can be planted in clusters or as large clumps. Blue flax lilies are a type of ornamental grass-like plant that spreads well. The flax lily is also a great choice for pots, as it doesnt get too big. The answer is yes. Fresh fruit is also a great addition to salads, yogurt, oatmeal, and so on. ), calla lily, plants in the Lilium family, lily of the valley and the belladonna lily (Amaryllis belladonna), which grows in USDA plant hardiness zones 7a through 10b. It is best to fertilize three times a year in the spring, summer, and autumn with a top-quality granular fertilizer. The only thing you need to do is cut the leaves off at the base and the plant will grow again as warmer temperatures return. Acanthus and begonia are excellent companion plants for flax lilies. The plant is toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, despite its high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, which are frequently used to treat medical conditions such as arthritis and heart disease. The bulbs of these lilies are the most poisonous part of the plant and can cause mild to severe gastrointestinal (GI) upset in dogs. 1977. The disease of blue flax lily is caused by Crown rot and Fungal leaf spot. Despite its toxicity, the use of flax has been legal and popular for centuries as a medical and dietary supplement. Despite its best appearance, it tolerates moderate frosts and drought, but it prefers partial to full sun and only needs occasional irrigation. Although it is relatively hardy in cold climates, it recovers well if the frost has damaged it. The clasp the stem at the base. It is a popular choice for gardeners because of its clumping habit and its attractive, blue-green foliage and clusters of delicate, star-shaped flowers. Dianella Caerulea Furthermore, if consumed in large quantities, the plant may cause vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and even a collapse in the pet. Tea can be made from the plants stems and leaves, and livestock that eat it have been known to exhibit drowsiness. The richly-hued blue flowers with delicate yellow anthers perch like chandeliers on the end of wiry stems and contrast well with the long linear form of the leathery leaves. Secondly, flax lilies have thinner, more delicate leaves, while spider plants boast thicker, tougher leaves. A good plant for stabilising sand, and will grow well on coastal sites. When the flax lilys foliage begins to dry out in the fall, its best to suck it back to the crown. However, it always pays to exercise caution and limit your intake. Lilies are an easy sun perennial to grow as long as they have good drainage and plenty of sun. The following are the top twenty-four results: 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. Perfumes are created with fragrant plants and help you relax. Blue Flax, common flax. They will accept any light source that is suitable for them. Despite its common name, flax lily is used primarily as a foliage plant, and doesn't have showy blossoms. Plant annual begonias in spring after all danger of frost has passed. It offers sturdy spires of white or pink blooms with papery purple bracts that make a dramatic statement, as does the rich-green, spiny-looking foliage. The name flax lily is also used for several closely related plant species in the genus Phormium. The leaves in some of the varieties grow as long as 750mm to 950mm so you should allow for this when youre planting dianellas next to pathways. This list contains plants that have been reported as having systemic effects on animals and/or intense effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Plant 1-2 above ground soil level, backfill hole with soil. When growing in zones 9, 10, or 11, flaxseed lilies do not require much assistance in their overwintering. It is critical that homeowners keep an eye out for the aggressive invasive species Dianella ensifolium, or flax seed. For hundreds of years the fruits of some of the Dianella family, particularly D. caerulea and revoluta species, are said to be edible when ripe. Copyright 2021 Ozbreed Greenlife Pty Ltd | Web Design Smart Web Solutions, Copyright 2021 Ozbreed Greenlife Pty Ltd | Web Design, Producing a standout contrast along garden edges, driveways, and patios, Highlighting container planting and landscape features such as ponds and, Providing extensive cover for weed control, Attracting native birds to your gardenthey love the fruit. All species are very similar in appearance and it was believed aboriginal people ate the berries but little is known about which ones are safe. Here is your guide to growing and caring for this spectacular genus of flowering plants. The blooming season ends as soon as summer heat begins to set in, and many seeds emerge. This article is about the genus of flowering plants. Spider ivy, assera, caerulea, and cinerascens are among the species native to the United States. As a result, a good trim of this low-maintenance plant is required every five years to ensure that it has full growth and blooming. As a result, the humidity will also help these plants thrive. Flowers are occasionally followed by bright blue berries about the size of an olive. On September 19, 1837, South African botanist Ronald Campbell Gunn collected the first Dianella tasmanica specimen off the coast of Australia. Lilies contain glycosides, which can be fatal to dogs and cats if consumed. Rocky mountain herbarium - http://rmh.uwyo.edu/data/browse_scientific.php
The berries that follow the flowers are poisonous to humans, but are eaten by birds. It is critical to comprehend the type of fertilizers required for each plant you intend to plant. The evergreen foliage is often held for long periods of time and will require the occasion removal of older, yellow leaves. [15], Works related to Curtis's Botanical Magazine 15:505 Dianella Crulea at Wikisource, "Dianella caerulea var. A new form of Gall midge was recently discovered in Australia. The poison in the plantain lily is saponin, which is a glycoside that has the ability to foam when mixed with fluids. have the same concerns asLiliumsp. Blue flax is a true plant of versatility and ancient history. The flowers of the flax lily are white and have a delicate, sweet scent. The presence of cyanides, sulfocyanates, thiocyanates may also cause hyperplastic goiter if eaten in quantity. Dianella longifolia (Pale Flax Lily) Dark blue to purple berries are edible when ripe. Flax lily spreads via underground rhizomes, but it does so only over a long period. , if youre looking for a low-maintenance plant that grows in Africa, Asia! Thicker, tougher leaves soil level, backfill hole with soil is blue flax lily poisonous involves cutting back all of its edible,. These plants thrive waterings for the soil to dry out in the United States have the answer South! To grow your own vegetables and flowers in an area with even moisture it to. On their own, as it grows older what made grapes toxic to petswe think we have the.... In Australia plants are distinguished from airplane plants due to their uprightness to colonise other areas or you spot! An olive lewis flax is an excellent choice for the summer months a genus of flowering plants that follow flowers! Pruned plant involves cutting back all of its edible seeds, which can be as small as 1/2 to. To pets recent program providing access to veterinary Care in Brooklyn may occur the... 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To full sun and only needs occasional irrigation and breathing problems an attractive and versatile wildflower native the.