For example: With an anticipated increase in poverty rates for the first time in two decades, further research on the economic effects of COVID-19 remains essential to understanding the ensuing large-scale unemployment, particularly in the informal job sector, and how it will drive known and new forms of trafficking. Cristina Narvaez Two police officers were charged in December 2021 under the TIP Act, the Children Act and the Anti-Gang act for their role in the illegal entry of a Venezuelan migrant who was later proved to be a victim of human trafficking. Lithuania Facing extreme poverty in India due to COVID-19, Aaravs parents sold him for US $21 to the owner of a bangle factory. This has had cascading effects for local anti-trafficking organizations and their efforts, as many donors reneged on promised funds and funding opportunities diminished across the sector. The waiver for PKO assistance, used in assisting efforts to form broad-based, multi-clan Somali security forces, will also support this goal. Zimbabwe, Afghanistan This is seen, for example, in the overrepresentation of human trafficking victims among Black populations in some parts of South America, the lack of protections afforded to migrant workers in the Gulf that creates a dependence on others that traffickers can exploit, and the intentional targeting of Roma communities through law enforcement anti-trafficking operations in Eastern Europe. The United States will continue engaging with Afghan security forces to encourage implementation of the policies and legal frameworks in place, such as the Ministry of Defenses Protection of Children in Armed Conflict Policy. Breaking news daily from the Black Immigrant Community, including the Caribbean and Latin America. Kathleen Vogel . The government was actively complicit in the forced labor of North Korean workers. Michelle Cooper Bloom While the number of individuals at risk of trafficking grew during the pandemic, so did the conditions under which traffickers thrive. We must also extend this approach to our interactions with our colleagues throughout the anti-trafficking field. Reported . Crises disproportionately affect the most vulnerable, exacerbating the conditions for victims of human trafficking and increasing the risk of human trafficking for others. The 2020 Trafficking in Persons Report marked the first time the U.S. Department of State applied this new provision, finding 12 governments had a policy or pattern of trafficking, including: Afghanistan, Belarus, Burma, China, Cuba, Eritrea, Iran, North Korea, Russia, South Sudan, Syria, and Turkmenistan. It also organized a workshop on managing and mitigating TIP risks in procurement for ODIHR. As of April 5, IMET funding was obligated for the following activity: military professionalization training. From forced labor in local or national public work projects, military operations, economically important sectors, or as part of government-funded projects or missions abroad to sexual slavery on government compounds, officials use their power to exploit their nationals. 189), https://www.state.gov/international-conventions-relevant-to-combating-trafficking-in-persons/, http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_50315.htm, 2020 (will enter into force on 16 November 2021), 2020 (will enter into force on 3 July 2021), 2020 (will enter into force on 9 December 2021), 2020 (will enter into force on 23 December 2021), 2021 (will enter into force on 17 March 2022), 2020 (will enter into force on 4 August 2021), 2020 (will enter into force on 14 July 2021), Total Number of Peacekeeping and Support Personnel, Special Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (SEA) (2003), Code of Conduct for Staff and Mission Members, NATO Policy on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (2004 and 2007), Lead Office Responsible for Implementation, Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance, Pre-deployment and at mission, including a new e-learning program. These inequities undercut our goal of combating human trafficking and embolden traffickers. Victims and survivors faced obstacles accessing assistance and support as lockdowns, social distancing protocols, and a lack of resources caused service providers to close shelters and reduce services. It was only when I decided to escape my trafficker that I realized how pronounced racial injustice was in my community, particularly against human trafficking survivors with previous arrest records. As a result, this years TIP Report introduction highlights human trafficking issues related to COVID-19, with special focus on how anti-trafficking stakeholders adapted in rapidly changing environments. U.S. missions overseas are dedicated to covering human trafficking issues year-round. Burma State withheld $850,000 in FY 2021 International Military Education and Training (IMET) funds for Mali pursuant to section 404(a) and other applicable restrictions. The international monitor-verified use of children in labor and support roles by certain military battalions increased in conflict zones, predominantly in Rakhine and Kachin States. The anti-trafficking field has identified and delineated the recruitment, grooming, and exploitation practices traffickers use in various scenarios of both sex and labor trafficking. Papua New Guinea Leo Page-Blau Katherine Borgen In line with MC Decision 6/17, in 2020 the OSR/CTHB, in co-operation with anti-trafficking Focal Points and DHR, finalized the development of a learning module on combating TIP for the OSCE executive structures as part of the new All OnBoard programme. There is a big problem of Black and Brown bodies being treated differently from White bodies. Rwanda 333 in support of U.S. national interests in fighting terrorism, countering violent extremist organizations and illicit smuggling. Cameroon has laws and regulations that prohibit the recruitment and use of child soldiers and the government generally enforces these provisions. Recently the country's Head of the State Penitentiary Organization spoke about the different kinds of products and commodities that have been smuggled inside and . The economic and social distress generated by the pandemic and related mitigation efforts exacerbated risks for vulnerable and marginalized populations. Child-friendly spaces have traditionally been used in refugee camps or after natural disasters, but increasingly those in the anti-trafficking field are using them to provide comprehensive assistance and support to child trafficking victims in other settings. Al-Obaidly has not solved Qatars human trafficking or labor rights problems, and he would admit it. Embassy: Million$ spent to combat human trafficking in region in 2022. Ensure that benefits include mental health care for all staff members, including any survivors that are hired. Rendi McCoy Despite widespread challenges adapting to a remote, digital work environment, anti-trafficking stakeholders leveraged technology to identify victims, support victims and survivors, and increase collaboration. In the same survey, more than 50 percent of migrant workers reported bearing new debts because of the pandemic. Page 32: Sara Hylton The importance of proactive response and crisis mitigation planning to anti-trafficking activities. Azerbaijan Section 333 is used to support the Air-to-Ground Integration (AGI) program, which integrates intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), precision strike, and military intelligence to increase the effectiveness of the Nigerian Air Force while reducing the potential for civilian harm through human rights and IHL training in support of the nationally-funded FMS Super Tucano A-29 lines of effort. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. While the help of the public is a crucial part of anti-trafficking efforts, the public can inadvertently interfere when its actions are based on false information or on tips from individuals with no direct knowledge of human trafficking situations. Relevant TT ministries, through the Ministry of National Security, provide input and data about its efforts to counter trafficking by the end of the reporting period on March 31. Peru (Tier 2) - Anti-trafficking police conducted 65 operations in 2020, resulting in 214 detentions in the first three quarters of the year, compared with 186 operations and 364 detentions in 2019 and 158 operations and 423 detentions in 2018. Page v: Panos Pictures/Karen Robinson The above statistics are estimates derived from data provided by foreign governments and other sources and reviewed by the Department of State. Through programs with an increased focus on familial trafficking, survivors learn they are not alone in their journey and that someone is there to walk beside them through every step. As of April 5, IMET funding was obligated for the following activity: military professionalization training. Governments and anti-trafficking organizations responded to the increased vulnerabilities due to the pandemic through efforts to reduce the risk of trafficking and expand protection measures for victims. Traffickers capitalized on the reduced capacity and shifting priorities of law enforcement resulting in greater anonymity and impunity to pursue their crimes. Many of these migrant workers must abide by the kafala system, in effect mostly in the Gulf states (Bahrain, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates), Jordan, and Lebanon. Venezuela. Congo, Republic of the Uganda Then the church started the process of ex-communication to revoke my college scholarships because they believed I was willingly living my life in sin. Regardless of whether the process was delayed or expedited, repatriation of trafficking victims had the potential to lead to serious health and protection risks in the countries of return, as well as increased costs and added difficulty due to quarantine requirements upon arrival. China 333, to the extent that the CSPA would restrict such assistance or support; to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to South Sudan to allow for the provision of PKO assistance, to the extent that the CSPA would restrict such assistance or support; and, to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Yemen to allow for the provision of PKO and IMET assistance and DoD support provided pursuant to 10 U.S.C. Page 41: Getty/Munir Uz Zaman any person under 15 years of age who has been voluntarily recruited into governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces; or. The COVID-19 pandemic increases childrens vulnerability to trafficking for several cross-cutting reasons. GNA security sector leaders are also closely engaged in UN-led efforts to negotiate the terms of a ceasefire agreement, which could remove the impetus for the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers. Under the unparalleled leadership and direction of Khassanova, Sana Sezim continues to provide access to justice for victims of trafficking by building the organizational capacity of civil society organizations and the judicial system to combat trafficking in persons. Observers noted the judiciarys broad discretion and inconsistency in granting bail, as well as reports of fraud and corruption within the bail process, engendered concomitant recidivism (repeat offences), victim re-traumatisation and a perception of impunity.. Uzbekistan Vanuatu, Aruba . Bulgaria Survivors may encounter a large number of health indicators and somatic complaints due to having to endure trauma for a long period of time at an early age, including head, stomach, and body aches; throat and urinary tract infections; interrupted sleep due to nightmares and flashbacks; difficulty concentrating; asthma; and more. Togo PKO funds may also support International Code of Conduct Association efforts to improve oversight of private security contractors at the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) to ensure that UNMISS is able to fulfill its mandate of protection of civilians to help enable the peace process to succeed. Page 23: Picture Alliance Additionally it will improve or develop national referral systems and strengthen trafficking-in-people data collection, analysis and reporting. Solomon Islands Iran In fiscal year 2020, ICE arrested 1,746 individuals in connection with human trafficking and identified and assisted more than 400 victims. Organizations can set themselves up for success in a manner that is adaptivenot stagnantto meet the evolving challenges of anti-trafficking efforts by mindfully weaving together survivor-leadership and trauma-informed approaches for the collective good of all who engage in anti-trafficking spaces. Russia Monica Maurer Yemen. In December 2019, Iraq presented a proposal to prepare a comprehensive plan to reduce unlawful child recruitment operations in armed and terrorist conflicts to an intragovernmental committee headed by the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs. Instead, Katherins boss forced her to stay in his home. To extract this work or service, governments coerce by threatening the withdrawal of public benefits, withholding salaries, failing to adhere to limits on national service, manipulating the lack of legal status of stateless individuals and other minority groups, threatening to punish family members, or conditioning services, food, or freedom of movement on labor or sex. Page 11: Picture Alliance Globally, an estimated 25 million people are subjected to human trafficking and forced labor, which is responsible for an estimated $150 billion annually in illicit profits. Tier 1 represents a responsibility rather than a reprieve. Vietnam Sex trafficking can take place in private homes, massage parlors, hotels, or brothels, among other locations, as well as on the internet. iv. The GNA is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers, including by working closely with the U.S. government in the context of our recurring bilateral Security Dialogue to disarm and demobilize the militias, which engage in their recruitment and use. A US Embassy spokesperson said this on Tuesday . In 2019, the Afghan Ministry of Interior expanded child protection units (CPUs) to all 34 provinces, an increase from the 27 CPUs in 2018, to prevent the recruitment of children into the Afghan National Police. In his response Dr Rowley said TT continued to actively work with the US to improve the rating, but one of the bigger issues affecting the rating was the lack of convictions under human-trafficking laws. In the case of child sex trafficking, the consent of the victim is never relevant as a child cannot legally consent to commercial sex. The Staff of the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons Is: Hadiyyah A. Abdul-Jalaal Trained customer-facing staff can recognize, document, and report behavioral indicators of human trafficking. Tanzania As the anti-trafficking community has grappled with how to integrate these ideals, it often conflates them. For more information about current and past TIP Report Heroes, please visit the TIP Report Heroes Global Network at www.tipheroes.org. In the first seven months of the pandemic, the International Aid Transparency Initiative noted a reduction of 17 percent in bilateral donor commitments between 2019 and 2020, which included a five percent decline in ODA. It reflects on the lessons learned from practitioners and offers considerations to rebuild momentum through coordinated anti-trafficking strategies. Mai Shiozaki-Lynch These trafficking victims have little or no recourse; they are coerced either to remain in an exploitative position or leave their sponsor and face arrest, detention, or deportation for immigration offenses, or even punishment for unlawful acts their traffickers compelled them to commit. For example, Winrock Internationals How to Build Cross-Sectoral Collaboration to Protect Workers in the Age of COVID-19, seeks to initiate cross-sector collaboration and provide guidance for the private sector and anti-trafficking organizations to address increased vulnerability to human trafficking, particularly forced labor, for job seekers, migrant workers, and individuals from vulnerable communities. Countries in Violation of the Standards Under the CSPA in 2020. Entrepreneur, Cosmotologist, Graduate from the Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking (Cast), Los Angeles, Racism has made Black trafficking survivors and other survivors of color feel invisible. Bosnia and Herzegovina Barry L. Paschal, Public Affairs Officer: 912-652-4422 Updated November 23, 2021 Topics Asset Forfeiture Human Trafficking Immigration Human Smuggling Labor & Employment Violent Crime Component Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) USAO - Florida, Middle USAO - Georgia, Middle USAO - Georgia, Northern USAO - Georgia, Southern USAO - Texas, Southern The traffickers coercive scheme is what matters, not a victims prior consent or ability to meaningfully consent thereafter. It is essential that financial institutions train staff on techniques human traffickers use to launder money and the behavioral and financial red flag indicators of human trafficking. South Sudan is party to the OPAC, and in 2019, armed groups released an additional 259 child soldiers, and established a process for identifying others to UNICEF through the Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) commission, established under the R-ARCSS. This, coupled with a shortage of protective equipment to supply police, resulted in many law enforcement officers and other specialized anti-trafficking officials becoming infected with COVID-19, some of whom died. The purpose of the Network is to engage experts, particularly those with lived experience of human trafficking, to provide expertise and input on Department of State anti-trafficking policies, strategies, and products. Papua New Guinea Equally notable, she has personally assisted former child soldiers released from prison and used her own money to help cover expenses for necessities. Guinea-Bissau When there was an error at the local health clinic, and my blood got mixed up with another persons, I tested false positive for AIDS. Page 5: Picture Alliance Montenegro has been shaken hard by the burgeoning scandal, which allegedly involved leading members of the judiciary, police and political officials. The UN TIP Protocol, which is widely ratified, mandates the criminalization of money laundering when proceeds are derived from humantrafficking and encourages signatories to promote international cooperation between their respective national authorities addressing money laundering. While Tier 1 is the highest ranking, it does not mean that a country has no human trafficking problem or that it is doing enough to address the crime. Because of this increased vulnerability, establishing and maintaining child-friendly spaces is critical to prioritize during the pandemic; they can even be a safe place where children learn about public health protections such as social distancing, mask wearing, and proper hygiene. Section 402 of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act, as amended (CSPA) requires publication in the annual TIP Report of a list of foreign governments identified during the previous year as having governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces, or government-supported armed groups that recruit or use child soldiers, as defined in the CSPA. The spread of misinformation about human trafficking also means that anti-trafficking experts and organizations need to allocate time and resources to re-educate the public. Gregory Borgstede In cases where an individual engages in any of the specified acts with a child (under the age of 18), the means element is irrelevant regardless of whether evidence of force, fraud, or coercion exists. Domestic workers are often isolated and may work alone in a house. Unlawful Recruitment or Use of Child Soldiers. Salih still suffers from hearing loss due to explosions and airstrikes. The kafala system is a sponsorship-based visa category that gives employers full control over the migrant workers residency permits, movements in and out of the country, and ability to change employers. COVID-19 generated conditions that increased the number of people who experienced vulnerabilities to human trafficking and interrupted existing and planned anti-trafficking interventions. Andrew Pfender If there is one thing we have learned in the last year, it is that human trafficking does not stop during a pandemic. Anna Cornacchio The assertion came days after government and opposition politicians pointed fingers at each other over a 2022 Tra. But, it also is important to maintain political will and capacity to focus on other priorities to avoid backsliding on progress made in the anti-trafficking field or contributing to challenges in combating the crime. Authorities use threats of physical violence, forcible drug intake, physical and sexual abuse, and torture to force detainees to work in adjacent or off-site factories or worksites producing garments, footwear, carpets, yarn, food products, holiday decorations, building materials, extractives, materials for solar power equipment and other renewable energy components, consumer electronics, bedding, hair products, cleaning supplies, personal protective equipment, face masks, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other goodsand these goods are finding their way into businesses and homes around the world. We were given drugs that kept us numb. In addition, IOM developed free, publicly available tools, such as its online course, Countering Human Trafficking in Humanitarian Settings and its publication, Counter-Trafficking in Emergencies: Information Management Guide, to encourage humanitarians, government staff, anti-trafficking experts, and others to integrate anti-trafficking into their response work routinely. This emphasizes the importance of prioritizing safety, privacy, and informed use of technology when facilitating virtual trafficking assessments, investigations, and coordination of services with trafficking victims. Technology also can play a critical role in combating these crimes, increase law enforcements ability to identify victims and perpetrators, and help deliver financial assistance and other victim support services to victims as they work to rebuild their lives. The school administrators forced Vicente and the other students to adhere to an exhausting work and academic schedule and threatened deportation and legal action if they failed to comply or skipped a work shift. The government convicted a former colonel in the FARDC and the leader of an armed group for trafficking crimes, among others; sentenced them to penalties, including significant prison terms; and ordered the leader of an armed group and two accomplices to pay restitution to over 300 victims of sexual enslavement and other crimes. For the knowing commission of any act of a severe form of trafficking in persons, the government of the country should prescribe punishment that is sufficiently stringent to deter and that adequately reflects the heinous nature of the offense. Hong Kong The PRC initially denied all allegations, dismissing them as international interference in its domestic affairs. Families may require children to find work due to lost income, government and NGO protection services may be reduced, and children might not be attending school where they have access to trusted adults. During an early July 2019 evaluation meeting in Yaound, the Head of the DDR Committee, Francis Fai Yengo, stated that at least 56 armed separatist fighters in the Northwest and Southwest Regions were reported to have laid down their arms and joined DDR centers, while 109 Boko Haram fighters had laid down their weapons in the Far North Region and were being housed at the DDR center in Mora. For foreign national trafficking victims, closed borders meant repatriation remained a key challenge, resulting in service providers supporting victims for longer periods with dwindling resources. The project is expected to go on for 24 months. Malaysia Founded in 2001, Sana Sezim has been a premier anti-trafficking organization in Kazakhstan and has greatly advanced efforts within the country to end human trafficking and help labor migrants. Because of this, the indicators for familial trafficking are different than indicators for other types of trafficking. Sana Sezim also negotiated and partnered with government agencies in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to open repatriation channels for more than 100,000 stranded migrants amid government-mandated lockdowns and public health emergencies. An outstanding and passionate activist, she has led APRAMP to be a pioneer in the implementation of strategies aimed at improving coordination between the judiciary, state security forces, and the national government, which has resulted in an effective blow against criminal organizations responsible for sex trafficking in Spain. In March 2020, the government launched a rehabilitation program for Houthi-recruited child soldiers in Marib, in collaboration with NGOs and funding support from KSRelief. We are trafficked to survive; we are abused because we are unwanted, and we have to fight to be heard in the society we live in. Harold Jahnsen When false or misleading rumors about human trafficking quickly spread online and through social media, concerned individuals may want to take action because they genuinely believe the information. The crime of sex trafficking can also be understood through the acts, means, and purpose framework. This years Trafficking in Persons Report sends a strong message to the world that global crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and enduring discriminatory policies and practices, have a disproportionate effect on individuals already oppressed by other injustices. Congo, Democratic Republic of the Substantial changes in financial situations, such as the reduction of wages and work hours, closure of workplaces, rising unemployment, and reduced remittances, coupled with the rise in costs of living and disruptions to social safety networks, created newly precarious situations for those not previously vulnerable and even more precarious situations for those who were already at risk of exploitation. They have set up 16 economic empowerment businesses throughout Albania, which aim to decrease womens risk of exploitation by providing opportunities to participate in entrepreneurial projects in tourism, design, and education, among others. 7103 (d) (7) ). RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CONTINUED GROWTH IN THE INTEGRATION PROCESS, Hiring Survivors and Ensuring a Trauma-informed Work Environment, Establishing Administrative Processes for a Trauma-informed Workplace. 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